From Victim-Blaming to Victim-Centric

Dr Lipika Sharma; Dr Lipika Sharma

From Victim-Blaming to Victim-Centric

Legal Reforms to Technology-Facilitated Gender-Based Violence in Low and Middle- Income Countries

Dr Lipika Sharma

Abstract

This paper examines the socio-economic determinants of technology-facilitated gender-based violence (TF-GBV) in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) from a legal perspective. It scrutinises existing legal and policy frameworks, including conventions, treaties, and protocols designed to combat gender-based violence (GBV). The rise of TF-GBV, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, has highlighted significant gaps in legal responses to digital forms of violence, with current frameworks often inadequate in addressing this evolving issue. Notably, studies indicate that 16% and 58% of women in LMICs have experienced some form of TF-GBV, including cyber harassment, misinformation, and image-based abuse, which creates substantial barriers to socio-economic development.

Technology-Facilitated Gender-Based Violence (TFGBV) has exposed critical gaps in traditional law enforcement frameworks, where victim-blaming attitudes often undermine access to justice. This article argues for a paradigm shift toward victim-centric policing that recognises digital harms as real, pervasive, and legally actionable forms of violence. By examining legal reforms and enforcement practices, it highlights pathways to embed accountability, sensitivity, and survivor rights at the core of institutional responses.

As more people in LMICs gain digital access, legal systems must evolve to provide adequate protection against TF-GBV. This article advocates for a multifaceted approach that leverages both international and national legal frameworks to effectively address the intricate challenges posed by TF-GBV. The paper highlights vital recommendations for policymakers aiming to combat this pervasive issue more effectively.

Article Information

Journal	International Journal of Discourse in Social Science Research
Volume (Issue)	Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): Discourses in Social Inquiry
Pages	21-30
Published	April 5, 2026
Copyright	Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Open Access	This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite	Dr Lipika Sharma (2026). From Victim-Blaming to Victim-Centric: Legal Reforms to Technology-Facilitated Gender-Based Violence in Low and Middle- Income Countries. International Journal of Discourse in Social Science Research , Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): Discourses in Social Inquiry , pp. 21-30.

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